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update examples and docs

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This commit is contained in:
Jorge Aparicio
2018-04-26 07:37:15 +02:00
parent 8e79d05cc4
commit a35486b2f4
19 changed files with 626 additions and 428 deletions
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44
examples/allocator.rs
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@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@
#![feature(alloc)] #![feature(alloc)]
#![feature(global_allocator)] #![feature(global_allocator)]
#![feature(used)] #![no_main]
#![no_std] #![no_std]
// This is the allocator crate; you can use a different one // This is the allocator crate; you can use a different one
@@ -19,42 +19,52 @@ extern crate alloc_cortex_m;
#[macro_use] #[macro_use]
extern crate alloc; extern crate alloc;
extern crate cortex_m; extern crate cortex_m;
extern crate cortex_m_rt; #[macro_use]
extern crate cortex_m_semihosting; extern crate cortex_m_rt as rt;
extern crate panic_abort; // panicking behavior extern crate cortex_m_semihosting as sh;
extern crate panic_abort;
use core::fmt::Write; use core::fmt::Write;
use alloc_cortex_m::CortexMHeap; use alloc_cortex_m::CortexMHeap;
use cortex_m::asm; use cortex_m::asm;
use cortex_m_semihosting::hio; use rt::ExceptionFrame;
use sh::hio;
#[global_allocator] #[global_allocator]
static ALLOCATOR: CortexMHeap = CortexMHeap::empty(); static ALLOCATOR: CortexMHeap = CortexMHeap::empty();
extern "C" {
static mut _sheap: u32;
}
const HEAP_SIZE: usize = 1024; // in bytes const HEAP_SIZE: usize = 1024; // in bytes
fn main() { main!(main);
fn main() -> ! {
// Initialize the allocator // Initialize the allocator
let start = unsafe { &mut _sheap as *mut u32 as usize }; unsafe { ALLOCATOR.init(rt::heap_start() as usize, HEAP_SIZE) }
unsafe { ALLOCATOR.init(start, HEAP_SIZE) }
// Growable array allocated on the heap // Growable array allocated on the heap
let xs = vec![0, 1, 2]; let xs = vec![0, 1, 2];
let mut stdout = hio::hstdout().unwrap(); let mut stdout = hio::hstdout().unwrap();
writeln!(stdout, "{:?}", xs).unwrap(); writeln!(stdout, "{:?}", xs).unwrap();
loop {}
} }
// As we are not using interrupts, we just register a dummy catch all handler exception!(DefaultHandler, dh);
#[link_section = ".vector_table.interrupts"]
#[used]
static INTERRUPTS: [extern "C" fn(); 240] = [default_handler; 240];
extern "C" fn default_handler() { #[inline(always)]
fn dh(_nr: u8) {
asm::bkpt(); asm::bkpt();
} }
exception!(HardFault, hf);
#[inline(always)]
fn hf(_ef: &ExceptionFrame) -> ! {
asm::bkpt();
loop {}
}
interrupts!(DefaultHandler);

2
examples/crash.rs
View File

@@ -74,7 +74,7 @@
extern crate cortex_m; extern crate cortex_m;
#[macro_use] #[macro_use]
extern crate cortex_m_rt as rt; extern crate cortex_m_rt as rt;
extern crate panic_abort; // panicking behavior extern crate panic_abort;
use core::ptr; use core::ptr;

98
examples/device.rs
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@@ -1,12 +1,12 @@
//! Using a device crate //! Using a device crate
//! //!
//! Crates generated using [`svd2rust`] are referred to as device crates. These crates provides an //! Crates generated using [`svd2rust`] are referred to as device crates. These crates provides an
//! API to access the peripherals of a device. When you depend on one of these crates and the "rt" //! API to access the peripherals of a device.
//! feature is enabled you don't need link to the cortex-m-rt crate.
//! //!
//! [`svd2rust`]: https://crates.io/crates/svd2rust //! [`svd2rust`]: https://crates.io/crates/svd2rust
//! //!
//! Device crates also provide an `interrupt!` macro to register interrupt handlers. //! Device crates also provide an `interrupt!` macro (behind the "rt" feature) to register interrupt
//! handlers.
//! //!
//! This example depends on the [`stm32f103xx`] crate so you'll have to add it to your Cargo.toml. //! This example depends on the [`stm32f103xx`] crate so you'll have to add it to your Cargo.toml.
//! //!
@@ -16,80 +16,82 @@
//! $ edit Cargo.toml && tail $_ //! $ edit Cargo.toml && tail $_
//! [dependencies.stm32f103xx] //! [dependencies.stm32f103xx]
//! features = ["rt"] //! features = ["rt"]
//! version = "0.9.0" //! version = "0.10.0"
//! ``` //! ```
//! //!
//! The `stm32f103xx` crate provides an `interrupts.x` file so you must remove the one in the root
//! of this crate.
//!
//! --- //! ---
#![deny(warnings)] #![no_main]
#![feature(const_fn)]
#![no_std] #![no_std]
extern crate cortex_m; extern crate cortex_m;
// extern crate cortex_m_rt; // included in the device crate #[macro_use]
extern crate cortex_m_semihosting; extern crate cortex_m_rt as rt;
#[macro_use(exception, interrupt)] extern crate cortex_m_semihosting as sh;
#[macro_use]
extern crate stm32f103xx; extern crate stm32f103xx;
extern crate panic_abort; // panicking behavior extern crate panic_abort;
use core::cell::RefCell;
use core::fmt::Write; use core::fmt::Write;
use cortex_m::interrupt::{self, Mutex}; use cortex_m::asm;
use cortex_m::peripheral::syst::SystClkSource; use cortex_m::peripheral::syst::SystClkSource;
use cortex_m_semihosting::hio::{self, HStdout}; use rt::ExceptionFrame;
use sh::hio::{self, HStdout};
use stm32f103xx::Interrupt; use stm32f103xx::Interrupt;
static HSTDOUT: Mutex<RefCell<Option<HStdout>>> = Mutex::new(RefCell::new(None)); main!(main);
static NVIC: Mutex<RefCell<Option<cortex_m::peripheral::NVIC>>> = Mutex::new(RefCell::new(None)); fn main() -> ! {
let p = cortex_m::Peripherals::take().unwrap();
fn main() { let mut syst = p.SYST;
let global_p = cortex_m::Peripherals::take().unwrap(); let mut nvic = p.NVIC;
interrupt::free(|cs| {
let hstdout = HSTDOUT.borrow(cs);
if let Ok(fd) = hio::hstdout() {
*hstdout.borrow_mut() = Some(fd);
}
let mut nvic = global_p.NVIC; nvic.enable(Interrupt::EXTI0);
nvic.enable(Interrupt::TIM2);
*NVIC.borrow(cs).borrow_mut() = Some(nvic);
let mut syst = global_p.SYST;
syst.set_clock_source(SystClkSource::Core); syst.set_clock_source(SystClkSource::Core);
syst.set_reload(8_000_000); // 1s syst.set_reload(8_000_000); // 1s
syst.enable_counter(); syst.enable_counter();
syst.enable_interrupt();
}); loop {
// busy wait until the timer wraps around
while !syst.has_wrapped() {}
// trigger the `EXTI0` interrupt
nvic.set_pending(Interrupt::EXTI0);
}
} }
exception!(SYS_TICK, tick); interrupt!(EXTI0, exti0, state: Option<HStdout> = None);
fn tick() { fn exti0(state: &mut Option<HStdout>) {
interrupt::free(|cs| { if state.is_none() {
let hstdout = HSTDOUT.borrow(cs); *state = Some(hio::hstdout().unwrap());
if let Some(hstdout) = hstdout.borrow_mut().as_mut() {
writeln!(*hstdout, "Tick").ok();
} }
if let Some(nvic) = NVIC.borrow(cs).borrow_mut().as_mut() { if let Some(hstdout) = state.as_mut() {
nvic.set_pending(Interrupt::TIM2); hstdout.write_str(".").unwrap();
} }
});
} }
interrupt!(TIM2, tock, locals: { exception!(DefaultHandler, deh);
tocks: u32 = 0;
});
fn tock(l: &mut TIM2::Locals) { #[inline(always)]
l.tocks += 1; fn deh(_nr: u8) {
asm::bkpt();
}
interrupt::free(|cs| { exception!(HardFault, hf);
let hstdout = HSTDOUT.borrow(cs);
if let Some(hstdout) = hstdout.borrow_mut().as_mut() { #[inline(always)]
writeln!(*hstdout, "Tock ({})", l.tocks).ok(); fn hf(_ef: &ExceptionFrame) -> ! {
} asm::bkpt();
});
loop {}
} }
interrupts!(DefaultHandler);

2
examples/hello.rs
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@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@ extern crate cortex_m;
#[macro_use] #[macro_use]
extern crate cortex_m_rt as rt; extern crate cortex_m_rt as rt;
extern crate cortex_m_semihosting as sh; extern crate cortex_m_semihosting as sh;
extern crate panic_abort; // panicking behavior extern crate panic_abort;
use core::fmt::Write; use core::fmt::Write;

31
examples/minimal.rs
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@@ -1,15 +1,40 @@
//! Minimal Cortex-M program
//!
//! All Cortex-M programs need to:
//!
//! - Contain the `#![no_main]` and `#![no_std]` attributes. Embedded programs don't use the
//! standard Rust `main` interface or the Rust standard (`std`) library.
//!
//! - Define their entry point using `main!`. The entry point doesn't need to be called `main` and
//! it doesn't need to be in the root of the crate.
//!
//! - Define their panicking behavior, i.e. what happens when `panic!` is called. The easiest way to
//! define a panicking behavior is to link to a [panic implementation crate][0]
//!
//! [0]: https://crates.io/keywords/panic-impl
//!
//! - Define the `HardFault` handler. This function is called when a hard fault exception is raised
//! by the hardware.
//!
//! - Define a default handler. This function will be used to handle all interrupts and exceptions
//! which have not been assigned a specific handler.
//!
//! - Define the device specific interrupt handlers. `interrupts!` can be used to create a generic
//! program that works for all Cortex-M devices by binding all the possible interrupt handlers to
//! the `DefaultHandler`.
#![no_main] // <- IMPORTANT! #![no_main] // <- IMPORTANT!
#![no_std] #![no_std]
extern crate cortex_m; extern crate cortex_m;
#[macro_use] #[macro_use(main, exception, interrupts)]
extern crate cortex_m_rt as rt; extern crate cortex_m_rt as rt;
extern crate panic_abort; extern crate panic_abort; // panicking behavior
use cortex_m::asm; use cortex_m::asm;
use rt::ExceptionFrame; use rt::ExceptionFrame;
// user entry point // the program entry point
main!(main); main!(main);
#[inline(always)] #[inline(always)]

34
src/examples/_0_hello.rs
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@@ -1,34 +0,0 @@
//! Prints "Hello, world!" on the OpenOCD console using semihosting
//!
//! ---
//!
//! ```
//!
//! #![feature(used)]
//! #![no_std]
//!
//! extern crate cortex_m;
//! extern crate cortex_m_rt;
//! extern crate cortex_m_semihosting;
//! extern crate panic_abort; // panicking behavior
//!
//! use core::fmt::Write;
//!
//! use cortex_m::asm;
//! use cortex_m_semihosting::hio;
//!
//! fn main() {
//! let mut stdout = hio::hstdout().unwrap();
//! writeln!(stdout, "Hello, world!").unwrap();
//! }
//!
//! // As we are not using interrupts, we just register a dummy catch all handler
//! #[link_section = ".vector_table.interrupts"]
//! #[used]
//! static INTERRUPTS: [extern "C" fn(); 240] = [default_handler; 240];
//!
//! extern "C" fn default_handler() {
//! asm::bkpt();
//! }
//! ```
// Auto-generated. Do not modify.

70
src/examples/_0_minimal.rs Normal file
View File

@@ -0,0 +1,70 @@
//! Minimal Cortex-M program
//!
//! All Cortex-M programs need to:
//!
//! - Contain the `#![no_main]` and `#![no_std]` attributes. Embedded programs don't use the
//! standard Rust `main` interface or the Rust standard (`std`) library.
//!
//! - Define their entry point using `main!`. The entry point doesn't need to be called `main` and
//! it doesn't need to be in the root of the crate.
//!
//! - Define their panicking behavior, i.e. what happens when `panic!` is called. The easiest way to
//! define a panicking behavior is to link to a [panic implementation crate][0]
//!
//! [0]: https://crates.io/keywords/panic-impl
//!
//! - Define the `HardFault` handler. This function is called when a hard fault exception is raised
//! by the hardware.
//!
//! - Define a default handler. This function will be used to handle all interrupts and exceptions
//! which have not been assigned a specific handler.
//!
//! - Define the device specific interrupt handlers. `interrupts!` can be used to create a generic
//! program that works for all Cortex-M devices by binding all the possible interrupt handlers to
//! the `DefaultHandler`.
//!
//! ```
//!
//! #![no_main] // <- IMPORTANT!
//! #![no_std]
//!
//! extern crate cortex_m;
//! #[macro_use(main, exception, interrupts)]
//! extern crate cortex_m_rt as rt;
//! extern crate panic_abort; // panicking behavior
//!
//! use cortex_m::asm;
//! use rt::ExceptionFrame;
//!
//! // the program entry point
//! main!(main);
//!
//! #[inline(always)]
//! fn main() -> ! {
//! asm::bkpt();
//!
//! loop {}
//! }
//!
//! // define the default exception handler
//! exception!(DefaultHandler, deh);
//!
//! #[inline(always)]
//! fn deh(_nr: u8) {
//! asm::bkpt();
//! }
//!
//! // define the hard fault handler
//! exception!(HardFault, hf);
//!
//! #[inline(always)]
//! fn hf(_ef: &ExceptionFrame) -> ! {
//! asm::bkpt();
//!
//! loop {}
//! }
//!
//! // bind all interrupts to the default exception handler
//! interrupts!(DefaultHandler);
//! ```
// Auto-generated. Do not modify.

50
src/examples/_1_hello.rs Normal file
View File

@@ -0,0 +1,50 @@
//! Prints "Hello, world!" on the OpenOCD console using semihosting
//!
//! ---
//!
//! ```
//!
//! #![no_main]
//! #![no_std]
//!
//! extern crate cortex_m;
//! #[macro_use]
//! extern crate cortex_m_rt as rt;
//! extern crate cortex_m_semihosting as sh;
//! extern crate panic_abort;
//!
//! use core::fmt::Write;
//!
//! use cortex_m::asm;
//! use rt::ExceptionFrame;
//! use sh::hio;
//!
//! main!(main);
//!
//! fn main() -> ! {
//! let mut stdout = hio::hstdout().unwrap();
//! writeln!(stdout, "Hello, world!").unwrap();
//!
//! loop {}
//! }
//!
//! exception!(DefaultHandler, dh);
//!
//! #[inline(always)]
//! fn dh(_nr: u8) {
//! asm::bkpt();
//! }
//!
//! exception!(HardFault, hf);
//!
//! #[inline(always)]
//! fn hf(_ef: &ExceptionFrame) -> ! {
//! asm::bkpt();
//!
//! loop {}
//! }
//!
//! // As we are not using interrupts, we just bind them all to the `DefaultHandler` exception handler
//! interrupts!(DefaultHandler);
//! ```
// Auto-generated. Do not modify.

38
src/examples/_1_itm.rs → src/examples/_2_itm.rs
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@@ -14,30 +14,46 @@
//! //!
//! ``` //! ```
//! //!
//! #![feature(used)] //! #![no_main]
//! #![no_std] //! #![no_std]
//! //!
//! #[macro_use] //! #[macro_use]
//! extern crate cortex_m; //! extern crate cortex_m;
//! extern crate cortex_m_rt; //! #[macro_use]
//! extern crate cortex_m_rt as rt;
//! extern crate panic_abort; // panicking behavior //! extern crate panic_abort; // panicking behavior
//! //!
//! use cortex_m::{asm, Peripherals}; //! use cortex_m::{asm, Peripherals};
//! use rt::ExceptionFrame;
//! //!
//! fn main() { //! main!(main);
//! let p = Peripherals::take().unwrap();
//! let mut itm = p.ITM;
//! //!
//! iprintln!(&mut itm.stim[0], "Hello, world!"); //! #[inline(always)]
//! fn main() -> ! {
//! let mut p = Peripherals::take().unwrap();
//! let stim = &mut p.ITM.stim[0];
//!
//! iprintln!(stim, "Hello, world!");
//!
//! loop {}
//! } //! }
//! //!
//! // As we are not using interrupts, we just register a dummy catch all handler //! exception!(DefaultHandler, dh);
//! #[link_section = ".vector_table.interrupts"]
//! #[used]
//! static INTERRUPTS: [extern "C" fn(); 240] = [default_handler; 240];
//! //!
//! extern "C" fn default_handler() { //! #[inline(always)]
//! fn dh(_nr: u8) {
//! asm::bkpt(); //! asm::bkpt();
//! } //! }
//!
//! exception!(HardFault, hf);
//!
//! #[inline(always)]
//! fn hf(_ef: &ExceptionFrame) -> ! {
//! asm::bkpt();
//!
//! loop {}
//! }
//!
//! interrupts!(DefaultHandler);
//! ``` //! ```
// Auto-generated. Do not modify. // Auto-generated. Do not modify.

89
src/examples/_3_crash.rs
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@@ -1,89 +0,0 @@
//! Debugging a crash (exception)
//!
//! The `cortex-m-rt` crate provides functionality for this through a default exception handler.
//! When an exception is hit, the default handler will trigger a breakpoint and in this debugging
//! context the stacked registers are accessible.
//!
//! In you run the example below, you'll be able to inspect the state of your program under the
//! debugger using these commands:
//!
//! ``` text
//! (gdb) # Exception frame = program state during the crash
//! (gdb) print/x *ef
//! $1 = cortex_m::exception::ExceptionFrame {
//! r0 = 0x2fffffff,
//! r1 = 0x2fffffff,
//! r2 = 0x0,
//! r3 = 0x0,
//! r12 = 0x0,
//! lr = 0x8000481,
//! pc = 0x8000460,
//! xpsr = 0x61000000,
//! }
//!
//! (gdb) # Where did we come from?
//! (gdb) backtrace
//! #0 cortex_m_rt::default_handler (ef=0x20004f54) at (..)
//! #1 <signal handler called>
//! #2 0x08000460 in core::ptr::read_volatile<u32> (src=0x2fffffff) at (..)
//! #3 0x08000480 in crash::main () at examples/crash.rs:68
//!
//! (gdb) # Nail down the location of the crash
//! (gdb) disassemble/m ef.pc
//! Dump of assembler code for function core::ptr::read_volatile<u32>:
//! 408 pub unsafe fn read_volatile<T>(src: *const T) -> T {
//! 0x08000454 <+0>: sub sp, #20
//! 0x08000456 <+2>: mov r1, r0
//! 0x08000458 <+4>: str r0, [sp, #8]
//! 0x0800045a <+6>: ldr r0, [sp, #8]
//! 0x0800045c <+8>: str r0, [sp, #12]
//!
//! 409 intrinsics::volatile_load(src)
//! 0x0800045e <+10>: ldr r0, [sp, #12]
//! 0x08000460 <+12>: ldr r0, [r0, #0]
//! 0x08000462 <+14>: str r0, [sp, #16]
//! 0x08000464 <+16>: ldr r0, [sp, #16]
//! 0x08000466 <+18>: str r1, [sp, #4]
//! 0x08000468 <+20>: str r0, [sp, #0]
//! 0x0800046a <+22>: b.n 0x800046c <core::ptr::read_volatile<u32>+24>
//!
//! 410 }
//! 0x0800046c <+24>: ldr r0, [sp, #0]
//! 0x0800046e <+26>: add sp, #20
//! 0x08000470 <+28>: bx lr
//!
//! End of assembler dump.
//! ```
//!
//! ---
//!
//! ```
//!
//! #![feature(used)]
//! #![no_std]
//!
//! extern crate cortex_m;
//! extern crate cortex_m_rt;
//! extern crate panic_abort; // panicking behavior
//!
//! use core::ptr;
//!
//! use cortex_m::asm;
//!
//! fn main() {
//! // Read an invalid memory address
//! unsafe {
//! ptr::read_volatile(0x2FFF_FFFF as *const u32);
//! }
//! }
//!
//! // As we are not using interrupts, we just register a dummy catch all handler
//! #[link_section = ".vector_table.interrupts"]
//! #[used]
//! static INTERRUPTS: [extern "C" fn(); 240] = [default_handler; 240];
//!
//! extern "C" fn default_handler() {
//! asm::bkpt();
//! }
//! ```
// Auto-generated. Do not modify.

32
src/examples/_2_panic.rs → src/examples/_3_panic.rs
View File

@@ -9,27 +9,41 @@
//! //!
//! ``` //! ```
//! //!
//! #![feature(used)] //! #![no_main]
//! #![no_std] //! #![no_std]
//! //!
//! extern crate cortex_m; //! extern crate cortex_m;
//! extern crate cortex_m_rt; //! #[macro_use]
//! extern crate cortex_m_rt as rt;
//! // extern crate panic_abort; //! // extern crate panic_abort;
//! extern crate panic_semihosting; // reports panic messages to the host stderr using semihosting //! extern crate panic_semihosting; // reports panic messages to the host stderr using semihosting
//! //!
//! use cortex_m::asm; //! use cortex_m::asm;
//! use rt::ExceptionFrame;
//! //!
//! fn main() { //! main!(main);
//! panic!("Oops"); //!
//! #[inline(always)]
//! fn main() -> ! {
//! panic!("Oops")
//! } //! }
//! //!
//! // As we are not using interrupts, we just register a dummy catch all handler //! exception!(DefaultHandler, deh);
//! #[link_section = ".vector_table.interrupts"]
//! #[used]
//! static INTERRUPTS: [extern "C" fn(); 240] = [default_handler; 240];
//! //!
//! extern "C" fn default_handler() { //! #[inline(always)]
//! fn deh(_nr: u8) {
//! asm::bkpt(); //! asm::bkpt();
//! } //! }
//!
//! exception!(HardFault, hf);
//!
//! #[inline(always)]
//! fn hf(_ef: &ExceptionFrame) -> ! {
//! asm::bkpt();
//!
//! loop {}
//! }
//!
//! interrupts!(DefaultHandler);
//! ``` //! ```
// Auto-generated. Do not modify. // Auto-generated. Do not modify.

115
src/examples/_4_crash.rs Normal file
View File

@@ -0,0 +1,115 @@
//! Debugging a crash (exception)
//!
//! The `cortex-m-rt` crate provides functionality for this through a default exception handler.
//! When an exception is hit, the default handler will trigger a breakpoint and in this debugging
//! context the stacked registers are accessible.
//!
//! In you run the example below, you'll be able to inspect the state of your program under the
//! debugger using these commands:
//!
//! ``` text
//! (gdb) continue
//! Program received signal SIGTRAP, Trace/breakpoint trap.
//! __bkpt () at asm/bkpt.s:3
//! 3 bkpt
//!
//! (gdb) finish
//! Run till exit from #0 __bkpt () at asm/bkpt.s:3
//! Note: automatically using hardware breakpoints for read-only addresses.
//! crash::hf (_ef=0x20004fa0) at examples/crash.rs:102
//! 99 asm::bkpt();
//!
//! (gdb) # Exception frame = program state during the crash
//! (gdb) print/x *_ef
//! $1 = cortex_m_rt::ExceptionFrame {
//! r0: 0x2fffffff,
//! r1: 0x2fffffff,
//! r2: 0x80006b0,
//! r3: 0x80006b0,
//! r12: 0x20000000,
//! lr: 0x800040f,
//! pc: 0x800066a,
//! xpsr: 0x61000000
//! }
//!
//! (gdb) # Where did we come from?
//! (gdb) backtrace
//! #0 crash::hf (_ef=0x20004fa0) at examples/crash.rs:102
//! #1 0x080004ac in UserHardFault (ef=0x20004fa0) at <exception macros>:9
//! #2 <signal handler called>
//! #3 0x0800066a in core::ptr::read_volatile (src=0x2fffffff) at /checkout/src/libcore/ptr.rs:452
//! #4 0x0800040e in crash::main () at examples/crash.rs:85
//! #5 0x08000456 in main () at <main macros>:3
//!
//! (gdb) # Nail down the location of the crash
//! (gdb) disassemble/m _ef.pc
//! Dump of assembler code for function core::ptr::read_volatile:
//! 451 pub unsafe fn read_volatile<T>(src: *const T) -> T {}
//! 0x08000662 <+0>: sub sp, #16
//! 0x08000664 <+2>: mov r1, r0
//! 0x08000666 <+4>: str r0, [sp, #8]
//!
//! 452 intrinsics::volatile_load(src)
//! 0x08000668 <+6>: ldr r0, [sp, #8]
//! 0x0800066a <+8>: ldr r0, [r0, #0]
//! 0x0800066c <+10>: str r0, [sp, #12]
//! 0x0800066e <+12>: ldr r0, [sp, #12]
//! 0x08000670 <+14>: str r1, [sp, #4]
//! 0x08000672 <+16>: str r0, [sp, #0]
//! 0x08000674 <+18>: b.n 0x8000676 <core::ptr::read_volatile+20>
//!
//! 453 }
//! 0x08000676 <+20>: ldr r0, [sp, #0]
//! 0x08000678 <+22>: add sp, #16
//! 0x0800067a <+24>: bx lr
//!
//! End of assembler dump.
//! ```
//!
//! ---
//!
//! ```
//!
//! #![no_main]
//! #![no_std]
//!
//! extern crate cortex_m;
//! #[macro_use]
//! extern crate cortex_m_rt as rt;
//! extern crate panic_abort;
//!
//! use core::ptr;
//!
//! use cortex_m::asm;
//! use rt::ExceptionFrame;
//!
//! main!(main);
//!
//! #[inline(always)]
//! fn main() -> ! {
//! unsafe {
//! ptr::read_volatile(0x2FFF_FFFF as *const u32);
//! }
//!
//! loop {}
//! }
//!
//! exception!(DefaultHandler, dh);
//!
//! #[inline(always)]
//! fn dh(_nr: u8) {
//! asm::bkpt();
//! }
//!
//! exception!(HardFault, hf);
//!
//! #[inline(always)]
//! fn hf(_ef: &ExceptionFrame) -> ! {
//! asm::bkpt();
//!
//! loop {}
//! }
//!
//! interrupts!(DefaultHandler);
//! ```
// Auto-generated. Do not modify.

51
src/examples/_4_override_exception_handler.rs
View File

@@ -1,51 +0,0 @@
//! Overriding an exception handler
//!
//! You can override an exception handler using the [`exception!`][1] macro.
//!
//! [1]: https://docs.rs/cortex-m-rt/0.3.2/cortex_m_rt/macro.exception.html
//!
//! The default exception handler can be overridden using the [`default_handler!`][2] macro
//!
//! [2]: https://docs.rs/cortex-m-rt/0.3.2/cortex_m_rt/macro.default_handler.html
//!
//! ---
//!
//! ```
//!
//! #![feature(used)]
//! #![no_std]
//!
//! extern crate cortex_m;
//! #[macro_use(exception)]
//! extern crate cortex_m_rt;
//! extern crate panic_abort; // panicking behavior
//!
//! use core::ptr;
//!
//! use cortex_m::asm;
//!
//! fn main() {
//! unsafe {
//! // Invalid memory access
//! ptr::read_volatile(0x2FFF_FFFF as *const u32);
//! }
//! }
//!
//! exception!(HARD_FAULT, handler);
//!
//! fn handler() {
//! // You'll hit this breakpoint rather than the one in cortex-m-rt
//! asm::bkpt()
//! }
//!
//! // As we are not using interrupts, we just register a dummy catch all handler
//! #[allow(dead_code)]
//! #[used]
//! #[link_section = ".vector_table.interrupts"]
//! static INTERRUPTS: [extern "C" fn(); 240] = [default_handler; 240];
//!
//! extern "C" fn default_handler() {
//! asm::bkpt();
//! }
//! ```
// Auto-generated. Do not modify.

99
src/examples/_5_device.rs
View File

@@ -1,99 +0,0 @@
//! Using a device crate
//!
//! Crates generated using [`svd2rust`] are referred to as device crates. These crates provides an
//! API to access the peripherals of a device. When you depend on one of these crates and the "rt"
//! feature is enabled you don't need link to the cortex-m-rt crate.
//!
//! [`svd2rust`]: https://crates.io/crates/svd2rust
//!
//! Device crates also provide an `interrupt!` macro to register interrupt handlers.
//!
//! This example depends on the [`stm32f103xx`] crate so you'll have to add it to your Cargo.toml.
//!
//! [`stm32f103xx`]: https://crates.io/crates/stm32f103xx
//!
//! ```
//! $ edit Cargo.toml && tail $_
//! [dependencies.stm32f103xx]
//! features = ["rt"]
//! version = "0.9.0"
//! ```
//!
//! ---
//!
//! ```
//!
//! #![deny(warnings)]
//! #![feature(const_fn)]
//! #![no_std]
//!
//! extern crate cortex_m;
//! // extern crate cortex_m_rt; // included in the device crate
//! extern crate cortex_m_semihosting;
//! #[macro_use(exception, interrupt)]
//! extern crate stm32f103xx;
//! extern crate panic_abort; // panicking behavior
//!
//! use core::cell::RefCell;
//! use core::fmt::Write;
//!
//! use cortex_m::interrupt::{self, Mutex};
//! use cortex_m::peripheral::syst::SystClkSource;
//! use cortex_m_semihosting::hio::{self, HStdout};
//! use stm32f103xx::Interrupt;
//!
//! static HSTDOUT: Mutex<RefCell<Option<HStdout>>> = Mutex::new(RefCell::new(None));
//!
//! static NVIC: Mutex<RefCell<Option<cortex_m::peripheral::NVIC>>> = Mutex::new(RefCell::new(None));
//!
//! fn main() {
//! let global_p = cortex_m::Peripherals::take().unwrap();
//! interrupt::free(|cs| {
//! let hstdout = HSTDOUT.borrow(cs);
//! if let Ok(fd) = hio::hstdout() {
//! *hstdout.borrow_mut() = Some(fd);
//! }
//!
//! let mut nvic = global_p.NVIC;
//! nvic.enable(Interrupt::TIM2);
//! *NVIC.borrow(cs).borrow_mut() = Some(nvic);
//!
//! let mut syst = global_p.SYST;
//! syst.set_clock_source(SystClkSource::Core);
//! syst.set_reload(8_000_000); // 1s
//! syst.enable_counter();
//! syst.enable_interrupt();
//! });
//! }
//!
//! exception!(SYS_TICK, tick);
//!
//! fn tick() {
//! interrupt::free(|cs| {
//! let hstdout = HSTDOUT.borrow(cs);
//! if let Some(hstdout) = hstdout.borrow_mut().as_mut() {
//! writeln!(*hstdout, "Tick").ok();
//! }
//!
//! if let Some(nvic) = NVIC.borrow(cs).borrow_mut().as_mut() {
//! nvic.set_pending(Interrupt::TIM2);
//! }
//! });
//! }
//!
//! interrupt!(TIM2, tock, locals: {
//! tocks: u32 = 0;
//! });
//!
//! fn tock(l: &mut TIM2::Locals) {
//! l.tocks += 1;
//!
//! interrupt::free(|cs| {
//! let hstdout = HSTDOUT.borrow(cs);
//! if let Some(hstdout) = hstdout.borrow_mut().as_mut() {
//! writeln!(*hstdout, "Tock ({})", l.tocks).ok();
//! }
//! });
//! }
//! ```
// Auto-generated. Do not modify.

73
src/examples/_5_exception.rs Normal file
View File

@@ -0,0 +1,73 @@
//! Overriding an exception handler
//!
//! You can override an exception handler using the [`exception!`][1] macro.
//!
//! [1]: https://docs.rs/cortex-m-rt/0.5.0/cortex_m_rt/macro.exception.html
//!
//! ---
//!
//! ```
//!
//! #![deny(unsafe_code)]
//! #![no_main]
//! #![no_std]
//!
//! extern crate cortex_m;
//! #[macro_use]
//! extern crate cortex_m_rt as rt;
//! extern crate cortex_m_semihosting as sh;
//! extern crate panic_abort;
//!
//! use core::fmt::Write;
//!
//! use cortex_m::peripheral::syst::SystClkSource;
//! use cortex_m::{asm, Peripherals};
//! use rt::ExceptionFrame;
//! use sh::hio::{self, HStdout};
//!
//! main!(main);
//!
//! fn main() -> ! {
//! let p = Peripherals::take().unwrap();
//! let mut syst = p.SYST;
//!
//! syst.set_clock_source(SystClkSource::Core);
//! syst.set_reload(8_000_000); // 1s
//! syst.enable_counter();
//! syst.enable_interrupt();
//!
//! loop {}
//! }
//!
//! // try commenting out this line: you'll end in `deh` instead of in `sys_tick`
//! exception!(SysTick, sys_tick, state: Option<HStdout> = None);
//!
//! fn sys_tick(state: &mut Option<HStdout>) {
//! if state.is_none() {
//! *state = Some(hio::hstdout().unwrap());
//! }
//!
//! if let Some(hstdout) = state.as_mut() {
//! hstdout.write_str(".").unwrap();
//! }
//! }
//!
//! exception!(DefaultHandler, deh);
//!
//! #[inline(always)]
//! fn deh(_nr: u8) {
//! asm::bkpt();
//! }
//!
//! exception!(HardFault, hf);
//!
//! #[inline(always)]
//! fn hf(_ef: &ExceptionFrame) -> ! {
//! asm::bkpt();
//!
//! loop {}
//! }
//!
//! interrupts!(DefaultHandler);
//! ```
// Auto-generated. Do not modify.

101
src/examples/_6_device.rs Normal file
View File

@@ -0,0 +1,101 @@
//! Using a device crate
//!
//! Crates generated using [`svd2rust`] are referred to as device crates. These crates provides an
//! API to access the peripherals of a device.
//!
//! [`svd2rust`]: https://crates.io/crates/svd2rust
//!
//! Device crates also provide an `interrupt!` macro (behind the "rt" feature) to register interrupt
//! handlers.
//!
//! This example depends on the [`stm32f103xx`] crate so you'll have to add it to your Cargo.toml.
//!
//! [`stm32f103xx`]: https://crates.io/crates/stm32f103xx
//!
//! ```
//! $ edit Cargo.toml && tail $_
//! [dependencies.stm32f103xx]
//! features = ["rt"]
//! version = "0.10.0"
//! ```
//!
//! The `stm32f103xx` crate provides an `interrupts.x` file so you must remove the one in the root
//! of this crate.
//!
//! ---
//!
//! ```
//!
//! #![no_main]
//! #![no_std]
//!
//! extern crate cortex_m;
//! #[macro_use]
//! extern crate cortex_m_rt as rt;
//! extern crate cortex_m_semihosting as sh;
//! #[macro_use]
//! extern crate stm32f103xx;
//! extern crate panic_abort;
//!
//! use core::fmt::Write;
//!
//! use cortex_m::asm;
//! use cortex_m::peripheral::syst::SystClkSource;
//! use rt::ExceptionFrame;
//! use sh::hio::{self, HStdout};
//! use stm32f103xx::Interrupt;
//!
//! main!(main);
//!
//! fn main() -> ! {
//! let p = cortex_m::Peripherals::take().unwrap();
//!
//! let mut syst = p.SYST;
//! let mut nvic = p.NVIC;
//!
//! nvic.enable(Interrupt::EXTI0);
//!
//! syst.set_clock_source(SystClkSource::Core);
//! syst.set_reload(8_000_000); // 1s
//! syst.enable_counter();
//!
//! loop {
//! // busy wait until the timer wraps around
//! while !syst.has_wrapped() {}
//!
//! // trigger the `EXTI0` interrupt
//! nvic.set_pending(Interrupt::EXTI0);
//! }
//! }
//!
//! interrupt!(EXTI0, exti0, state: Option<HStdout> = None);
//!
//! fn exti0(state: &mut Option<HStdout>) {
//! if state.is_none() {
//! *state = Some(hio::hstdout().unwrap());
//! }
//!
//! if let Some(hstdout) = state.as_mut() {
//! hstdout.write_str(".").unwrap();
//! }
//! }
//!
//! exception!(DefaultHandler, deh);
//!
//! #[inline(always)]
//! fn deh(_nr: u8) {
//! asm::bkpt();
//! }
//!
//! exception!(HardFault, hf);
//!
//! #[inline(always)]
//! fn hf(_ef: &ExceptionFrame) -> ! {
//! asm::bkpt();
//!
//! loop {}
//! }
//!
//! interrupts!(DefaultHandler);
//! ```
// Auto-generated. Do not modify.

44
src/examples/_6_allocator.rs → src/examples/_7_allocator.rs
View File

@@ -13,7 +13,7 @@
//! //!
//! #![feature(alloc)] //! #![feature(alloc)]
//! #![feature(global_allocator)] //! #![feature(global_allocator)]
//! #![feature(used)] //! #![no_main]
//! #![no_std] //! #![no_std]
//! //!
//! // This is the allocator crate; you can use a different one //! // This is the allocator crate; you can use a different one
@@ -21,44 +21,54 @@
//! #[macro_use] //! #[macro_use]
//! extern crate alloc; //! extern crate alloc;
//! extern crate cortex_m; //! extern crate cortex_m;
//! extern crate cortex_m_rt; //! #[macro_use]
//! extern crate cortex_m_semihosting; //! extern crate cortex_m_rt as rt;
//! extern crate panic_abort; // panicking behavior //! extern crate cortex_m_semihosting as sh;
//! extern crate panic_abort;
//! //!
//! use core::fmt::Write; //! use core::fmt::Write;
//! //!
//! use alloc_cortex_m::CortexMHeap; //! use alloc_cortex_m::CortexMHeap;
//! use cortex_m::asm; //! use cortex_m::asm;
//! use cortex_m_semihosting::hio; //! use rt::ExceptionFrame;
//! use sh::hio;
//! //!
//! #[global_allocator] //! #[global_allocator]
//! static ALLOCATOR: CortexMHeap = CortexMHeap::empty(); //! static ALLOCATOR: CortexMHeap = CortexMHeap::empty();
//! //!
//! extern "C" {
//! static mut _sheap: u32;
//! }
//!
//! const HEAP_SIZE: usize = 1024; // in bytes //! const HEAP_SIZE: usize = 1024; // in bytes
//! //!
//! fn main() { //! main!(main);
//!
//! fn main() -> ! {
//! // Initialize the allocator //! // Initialize the allocator
//! let start = unsafe { &mut _sheap as *mut u32 as usize }; //! unsafe { ALLOCATOR.init(rt::heap_start() as usize, HEAP_SIZE) }
//! unsafe { ALLOCATOR.init(start, HEAP_SIZE) }
//! //!
//! // Growable array allocated on the heap //! // Growable array allocated on the heap
//! let xs = vec![0, 1, 2]; //! let xs = vec![0, 1, 2];
//! //!
//! let mut stdout = hio::hstdout().unwrap(); //! let mut stdout = hio::hstdout().unwrap();
//! writeln!(stdout, "{:?}", xs).unwrap(); //! writeln!(stdout, "{:?}", xs).unwrap();
//!
//! loop {}
//! } //! }
//! //!
//! // As we are not using interrupts, we just register a dummy catch all handler //! exception!(DefaultHandler, dh);
//! #[link_section = ".vector_table.interrupts"]
//! #[used]
//! static INTERRUPTS: [extern "C" fn(); 240] = [default_handler; 240];
//! //!
//! extern "C" fn default_handler() { //! #[inline(always)]
//! fn dh(_nr: u8) {
//! asm::bkpt(); //! asm::bkpt();
//! } //! }
//!
//! exception!(HardFault, hf);
//!
//! #[inline(always)]
//! fn hf(_ef: &ExceptionFrame) -> ! {
//! asm::bkpt();
//!
//! loop {}
//! }
//!
//! interrupts!(DefaultHandler);
//! ``` //! ```
// Auto-generated. Do not modify. // Auto-generated. Do not modify.

15
src/examples/mod.rs
View File

@@ -1,9 +1,10 @@
//! Examples //! Examples
// Auto-generated. Do not modify. // Auto-generated. Do not modify.
pub mod _0_hello; pub mod _0_minimal;
pub mod _1_itm; pub mod _1_hello;
pub mod _2_panic; pub mod _2_itm;
pub mod _3_crash; pub mod _3_panic;
pub mod _4_override_exception_handler; pub mod _4_crash;
pub mod _5_device; pub mod _5_exception;
pub mod _6_allocator; pub mod _6_device;
pub mod _7_allocator;

54
src/lib.rs
View File

@@ -4,9 +4,9 @@
//! //!
//! - Nightly Rust toolchain newer than `nightly-2018-04-08`: `rustup default nightly` //! - Nightly Rust toolchain newer than `nightly-2018-04-08`: `rustup default nightly`
//! - Cargo `clone` subcommand: `cargo install cargo-clone` //! - Cargo `clone` subcommand: `cargo install cargo-clone`
//! - ARM toolchain: `sudo apt-get install gcc-arm-none-eabi` (on Ubuntu)
//! - GDB: `sudo apt-get install gdb-arm-none-eabi` (on Ubuntu) //! - GDB: `sudo apt-get install gdb-arm-none-eabi` (on Ubuntu)
//! - OpenOCD: `sudo apt-get install OpenOCD` (on Ubuntu) //! - OpenOCD: `sudo apt-get install OpenOCD` (on Ubuntu)
//! - [Optional] ARM linker: `sudo apt-get install binutils-arm-none-eabi` (on Ubuntu)
//! - [Optional] Cargo `add` subcommand: `cargo install cargo-edit` //! - [Optional] Cargo `add` subcommand: `cargo install cargo-edit`
//! //!
//! # Usage //! # Usage
@@ -27,7 +27,7 @@
//! 2) Clone this crate //! 2) Clone this crate
//! //!
//! ``` text //! ``` text
//! $ cargo clone cortex-m-quickstart && cd $_ //! $ git clone https://github.com/japaric/cortex-m-quickstart --branch less-unstable
//! ``` //! ```
//! //!
//! 3) Change the crate name, author and version //! 3) Change the crate name, author and version
@@ -113,26 +113,6 @@
//! Tag_ABI_FP_16bit_format: IEEE 754 //! Tag_ABI_FP_16bit_format: IEEE 754
//! ``` //! ```
//! //!
//! **NOTE** By default Cargo will use the LLD linker shipped with the Rust toolchain. If you
//! encounter any linking error try to switch to the GNU linker by modifying the `.cargo/config`
//! file as shown below:
//!
//! ``` text
//! runner = 'arm-none-eabi-gdb'
//! rustflags = [
//! "-C", "link-arg=-Tlink.x",
//! - "-C", "linker=lld",
//! - "-Z", "linker-flavor=ld.lld",
//! - # "-C", "linker=arm-none-eabi-ld",
//! - # "-Z", "linker-flavor=ld",
//! + # "-C", "linker=lld",
//! + # "-Z", "linker-flavor=ld.lld",
//! + "-C", "linker=arm-none-eabi-ld",
//! + "-Z", "linker-flavor=ld",
//! "-Z", "thinlto=no",
//! ]
//! ```
//!
//! 9) Flash the program //! 9) Flash the program
//! //!
//! ``` text //! ``` text
@@ -185,13 +165,7 @@
//! Compiling demo v0.1.0 (file:///home/japaric/tmp/demo) //! Compiling demo v0.1.0 (file:///home/japaric/tmp/demo)
//! error: linking with `arm-none-eabi-ld` failed: exit code: 1 //! error: linking with `arm-none-eabi-ld` failed: exit code: 1
//! | //! |
//! = note: "lld" "-L" (..) //! = note: "arm-none-eabi-gcc" "-L" (..)
//! = note: arm-none-eabi-ld: address 0xbaaab838 of hello section `.text' is ..
//! arm-none-eabi-ld: address 0xbaaab838 of hello section `.text' is ..
//! arm-none-eabi-ld:
//! Invalid '.rodata.exceptions' section.
//! Make sure to place a static with type `cortex_m::exception::Handlers`
//! in that section (cf. #[link_section]) ONLY ONCE.
//! ``` //! ```
//! //!
//! Solution: Specify your device memory layout in the `memory.x` linker script. //! Solution: Specify your device memory layout in the `memory.x` linker script.
@@ -204,8 +178,7 @@
//! ``` text //! ``` text
//! $ cargo build //! $ cargo build
//! (..) //! (..)
//! Compiling cortex-m-semihosting v0.2.0 //! error: language item required, but not found: `eh_personality`
//! error[E0463]: can't find crate for `std`
//! //!
//! error: aborting due to previous error //! error: aborting due to previous error
//! ``` //! ```
@@ -259,6 +232,19 @@
//! `/usr/share/openocd/scripts` directory (exact location varies per //! `/usr/share/openocd/scripts` directory (exact location varies per
//! distribution / OS) for a list of scripts that can be used. //! distribution / OS) for a list of scripts that can be used.
//! //!
//! ## Forgot to install the `rust-std` component
//!
//! Error message:
//!
//! ``` text
//! $ cargo build
//! error[E0463]: can't find crate for `core`
//! |
//! = note: the `thumbv7m-none-eabi` target may not be installed
//! ```
//!
//! Solution: call `rustup target add thumbv7m-none-eabi` but with the name of your target
//!
//! ## Used an old nightly //! ## Used an old nightly
//! //!
//! Error message: //! Error message:
@@ -281,12 +267,10 @@
//! //!
//! ``` text //! ``` text
//! $ cargo build //! $ cargo build
//! error: failed to run `rustc` to learn about target-specific information //! error[E0463]: can't find crate for `core`
//!
//! To learn more, run the command again with --verbose.
//! ``` //! ```
//! //!
//! Solution: Switch to the nightly toolchain with `rustup default nightly`. //! Solution: We are not there yet! Switch to the nightly toolchain with `rustup default nightly`.
//! //!
//! ## Used `gdb` instead of `arm-none-eabi-gdb` //! ## Used `gdb` instead of `arm-none-eabi-gdb`
//! //!